Week 36/2024

Most filmmakers will acknowledge the importance of color in film. However, only a few of them consciously use it as visual tool to express meaning. Rather than a mere stylistic choice, filmmakers like Michael Mann, John Ford and Douglas Sirk consider a film’s color palette to be part of its content.

In Michael Mann’s Heat, everything seems color-coded, to the point where the color of a car will tell the viewer something about the intentions of the person driving it. Eliciting a sense of loneliness and isolation through various shades of blue, Mann’s cool palette is much more expressive than his taciturn characters.

John Ford, one of Mann’s primary influences, also makes intentional use of color. In the Western The Searchers he combines the vibrant and saturated colors of Technicolor printing with the large depth of field of VistaVision to produce vast, scenic landscapes in which the golden-brown desert sand sharply contrasts with the crisp blue sky. While these technologies were primarily introduced by film studios trying to compete with television by making their films more appealing, Ford taps into their narrative potential as well, using the high-contrast colors to make distinctions between characters and scenes.

However, the most prominent colorist is undoubtably Douglas Sirk, whose so-called “technicolor-expressionism” reaches its peak in Written on the Wind. Conveying psychological states and emotions through formal cinematic elements rather than plot or script, Sirk’s use of color is an essential part of the film’s meaning. Associating each character with a specific color, intrigues are revealed to the viewer through color changes and combinations. When asked about the color in Written on the Wind, the director replied that he wanted it “to bring out the inner violence, the energy of the characters which is all inside them and can’t break through.” Female protagonists who are silenced by society are given a voice through the expressive potential of color.

Heat
Heat , Michael Mann, 1995, 170’

A group of professional bank robbers start to feel the heat from police when they unknowingly leave a clue at their latest heist.

 

Vincent Hanna: My life’s a disaster zone. I got a stepdaughter so fucked up because her real father’s this large-type asshole. I got a wife, we’re passing each other on the down-slope of a marriage - my third - because I spend all my time chasing guys like you around the block. That’s my life.

Neil McCauley: A guy told me one time, “Don’t let yourself get attached to anything you are not willing to walk out on in 30 seconds flat if you feel the heat around the corner.” Now, if you’re on me and you gotta move when I move, how do you expect to keep a... a marriage?

 

“My ambition was always to make dramatic films. I had a strong sense of the value of drama growing up in Chicago, which has long had a thriving theater scene. I’d also found, working a lot of odd jobs as a kid – as a short-order cook, on construction, or as a cab driver – that there was tremendous richness in real-life experience, and contact with people and circumstances that were sometimes extreme. I was drawn to this instinctively. You find out things when you’re with a real-life thief, things you could never make up just sitting in a room. The converse is also true: Just because you discover something interesting, you don’t have to use it; there’s no obligation. Yet life itself is the proper resource. I’ve never really changed that habit of wanting to bring preparation into the real world of the picture, with a character that actors are going to portray.”

Michael Mann1

 

“On the other hand, the people who live in Los Angeles accuse me of being unfair to Michael Mann. For quite a few of them, Heat (1995) is the definitive Los Angeles movie, and they resent the cheap shots I directed at it. I ridiculed Mann for situating a character in the Hollywood Hills when her economic station would place her in the plains below and for rechristening the Vincent Thomas Bridge, named after a venerable state legislator from San Pedro, the ‘Saint Vincent Thomas Bridge.’ It’s true that I was in a sour mood when I saw Heat, first of all because the teenage cashier sold me a ‘senior citizen’ ticket, then I ripped my jacket on a seat arm, and I was expecting a regular 90-minute crime drama, not a three-hour (almost) epic. So I spent most of the last two hours wondering why there was no ending in sight. That was almost ten years ago, so I should have gotten over it by now. Can’t I think of a few nice things to say about Heat? Well, it was the first movie to depict the Metro Rail Blue Line, which runs from Seventh Street in downtown Los Angeles to Long Beach, and that impressed me. It did establish a new colour palette for Los Angeles movies, replacing smoggy warm tones with cool blues and slate grays, a colour scheme elaborated and exaggerated in Blade (1998) and The Thirteenth Floor (1999)”

Thom Andersen2

 

“This is based on observations. This is based on people I have met, people I’ve known, people I’ve sat with and talked to. Thieves, cops, killers. It’s not derived from other cinema, it’s based on research.”

Michael Mann3

 

Heat is the most meticulously designed of Mann’s features, with careful compositions positioning the characters against bustling cityscapes and empty expanses that externalize their interior lives. It’s awfully talky for an action movie, providing meaty monologues for a massive supporting cast that includes Val Kilmer, Ashley Judd, Natalie Portman and Jon Voight. The film delves so deeply into the characters’ dysfunctional home lives that it’s more like a melodrama with machine guns. Its most memorable fireworks are provided not by the justifiably legendary mid-movie shootout in downtown LA’s business district, but rather the preceding coffee shop scene in which Pacino and De Niro finally share the screen.

It was a meeting audiences had been waiting more than 20 years for, and Mann teased expectations by keeping the two icons apart until nearly the movie’s halfway mark. Their roles are skillfully shaped around each performer’s distinctive style, with Pacino’s edgy detective intimidating informants via noisy, nonsensical showboating with the actor’s trademark theatricality. (‘Ferocious, aren’t I?’ he asks during one of his most playful interrogations.) De Niro is all coiled menace and minimalist movements. He’s one of the greatest actors ever to work in close-ups, and some of the movie’s most powerful moments take place in silence with his face filling the screen.”

Sean Burns4

  • 1Michael Mann in an interview: F.X. Feeney, “The Study of Mann,” Director’s Guild of America Website, Winter 2012.
  • 2Thom Andersen, “Collateral Damage: Los Angeles Continues Playing Itself,” Diagonal Thoughts, February 2015.
  • 3Ryan Lambie, “Michael Mann’s Heat: how research created a classic thriller,” Den of Geek, August 2017.
  • 4Sean Burns, “Decades Later, Viewers Still Feel The Heat For Michael Mann’s 1995 LA Crime Saga,” wbur, August 2019.
screening
The Searchers
The Searchers , John Ford, 1956, 119’

An American Civil War veteran embarks on a years-long journey to rescue his niece from the Comanches after the rest of his brother's family is massacred in a raid on their Texas farm.

EN

“Ford is one of the great artists of cinema. Not only because of the composition and the light of his shots but more deeply, because he shoots so quickly that he makes two movies at the same time: a movie to ward off time (stretching his stories, for fear of ending) and another to save the moment (the moment of the landscape, two seconds before the action). He enjoys the show ‘before’. So, with Ford there is not point looking for characters who, in front of a beautiful landscape, would say “How beautiful!” The character is not to whisper to the spectator what he should see. That would be immoral.”

Serge Daney1

 

“Mystery and fascination of this American cinema… How can I hate John Wayne upholding Goldwater and yet love him tenderly when abruptly he takes Natalie Wood into his arms in the last reel of The Searchers ?”

Jean-Luc Godard2

  • 1Serge Daney, “John Ford for Ever,” http://sergedaney.blogspot.com, 1988. First published in Libération, 18 November 1988. Translation by Laurent Kretzschmar.
  • 2Jean-Luc Godard cited in Joseph McBride and Michael Wilmington, John Ford (London: Secker & Warburg, 1973).
screening
CINEMATEK, Brussels
Written on the Wind
Written on the Wind , Douglas Sirk, 1956, 99’

“Just observe the difference between All That Heaven Allows and Written on the Wind. It’s a different stratum of society in All That Heaven Allows, still untouched by any lengthening shadows of doubt. Here in Written on the Wind, a condition of life is being portrayed, and in many ways anticipated, which is not unlike today’s decaying and crumbling American society.”

Douglas Sirk

 

“In Written on the Wind the good, the ‘normal’, the ‘beautiful’ are always utterly revolting; the evil, the weak, the dissolute arouse one’s compassion. Even for the manipulators of the good.

And then again, the house in which it all takes place. Governed, so to speak, by one huge staircase. And mirrors. And endless flowers. And gold. And coldness. A house such as one would build if one had a lot of money. A house with all the props that go with having real money, and in which one cannot feel at ease. It is like the Oktoberfest, where everything is colourful and in movement, and you feel as alone as everyone. Human emotions have to blossom in the strangest ways in the house Douglas Sirk had built for the Hadleys. Sirk’s lighting is always as unnatural as possible. Shadows where there shouldn’t be any make feelings plausible which one would rather have left unacknowledged. In the same way the camera angles in Written on the Wind are almost always tilted, mostly from below, so that the strange things in the story happen on the screen, not just in the spectator’s head. Douglas Sirk’s films liberate your head.”

Rainer Werner Fassbinder1

 

“Who knows Douglas Sirk? Douglas Sirk is the most neglected director in the whole of American cinema. There is no serious study, no sign or festival to salute one of the most interesting and exciting personalities in the entire history of the cinema.”

P.B.2

  • 1Rainer Werner Fassbinder, “Six Films by Douglas Sirk,” New Left Review I, nr.91 (1975).
  • 2P.B. in Dictionnaire du Cinéma, cited by Jon Halliday in Sirk on Sirk: Conversations with Jon Halliday (London: Faber & Faber, 1997).
screening
CINEMATEK, Brussels
This Week
-

index